1950-1960 Essay -- Essays Papers

1950-1960 During the 1950's, the United States experienced great change with the end of World War II, making it difficult to label the busy decade. America was the most powerful nation in the world and it was a time of complacency. The United States accepted two new states, Hawaii and Alaska (www.fifties.com). The science world boomed with new inventions; televisions broadcast nationally; rock n' roll was popular; commercial hotel and fast food chains became common; the car industry exploded; vaccinations for measles and polio were discovered; and birth control pills were introduced (Layman VII). Another event in the 1950’s was the ratification of the 21st Amendment, which limited presidents to two terms in office. The 1950's "baby boom" was also an affect from World War II. The American population increased 19% throughout the 1950's. One-third of Americans was under the age of fifteen (Layman 262). Another issue for the United States in 1950 was the Civil Rights movement. There was one court case that changed history forever. On May 17, 1954 in Topeka, Kansas, a black third grade girl, Linda Brown, was denied admission to a school that was for white children. Schools stigmatized black children, thereby denying them the equal protection guaranteed by the 14th Amendment. The court finally agreed with Linda’s father and Thurgood Marshall. The United Sates was modernizing, however, discrimination was still a large problem (www.fifties.com). If American was a growing society, it was also a society on the move. Life was progressively getting faster. Drive-in business and shopping malls were convenient. Mass culture brought material wealth to America, but many wondered at what cost. Poorer citizens were ignored, and the work et... ...ed States was once again beginning to modernize and grow. This not only affected American attitude, but it affected art and literature throughout the world. WORKS CITED Berman, David. "Pop Art: An analysis of English and American Styles." (www.st.townson.edu/~dberma2/). Candace. "Index Fifties Web". March 15, 2001 (www.fiftiesweb.com). Ginsberg, Allen. "America." The American Tradition in Literature. Vol. 2. Ed. Perkins, George and Barbara. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. 1795. Hughes, Langston. "Feet Live Their Own Life." The American Tradition in Literature. Ed. Perkins, George and Barbara. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. 1604. IDA (15) University of Dayton Annual Reports. "Annual Reports of the President 1950." Layman, Richard. American Decades: 1950-1959. Detroit: Gale, 1994. Wehrle, William O. A History of the University of Dayton. Dayton, 1962.

Nursing Reflection

Going back through previous experiences and tracing back the footsteps we have made allows us to reminisce about the good things that have happened in our lives. Somehow the undesirable memories would also seep in as they are part and parcel of our existence that we cannot do away with. This process gives us an opportunity to encounter past events that can necessarily aid us in the future. In the Nursing practice, reflection is a retrospective approach that evaluates historical processing of experiences that takes place in a structured form and is deemed highly essential (Eliis, Kenworthy and Gates, 2003, 156). In the clinical practice, this retrospective activity facilitates in the promotion of quality care. The art of reflection however in the nursing practice focus on self rather than on the situation as the care provider (Quinn, 2000, 252). The process is a reflective practice that is a cognitive act by which we are allowed to make sense of our thoughts and memories (Taylor, 2000, 43). This method therefore allows a practitioner to generate a complementary or alternative form of knowledge and a set of choices in the evaluation of the best course of action. It is a â€Å"deep learning† experience that reflects on our knowledge and theories and go beyond merely thinking about what we do but involves recalling what had occurred and analyzing the situation by interpreting important information recalled (Taylor, 2000, 4). In Nursing, the reflective process is aimed about our own practice (Taylor, 20000, 3); that nursing education and research cannot do without as a common practice in the learning mechanism in which we all engage in a regular basis (Slevin and Basford, 2000, 483). With a main purpose of enabling the practitioner to learn from experiences and increase clinical effectiveness, reflection is highly essential to the nursing practice. For this process to be effective, Johns has provided a guided reflection which employs different models of self-inquiry to enable a practitioner to realize desirable and effective practice (2002:3). Considering that this involves a cognitive and emotional component that is expressed through analysis, different models would aid us feel comfortable about the activity. John’s model can be used in preparation for or during clinical supervision and applicable to specific incidents rather than more general day to day issues and particularly applicable to those who prefer a structure approach (Ellis, Kenworthy and Gates, 155). Gibbs Model use term description rather than â€Å"a return to the entire experience† as a form of reflection is considered as a simpler method but one where a mentor or facilitator is likely needed(Davies, Bullman and Finlay, 2000, 84). Both models however in supervision practice can be used to facilitate clinical governance through the promotion of quality care where an exchange between two professionals employing this technique seeks to improve their practice (Watkins, Edwards and Gastrell, 2003, 266). To maximize the potential benefits of clinical supervision, nurses have to learn to be comfortable with this retrospective activity with the aid of Gibbs or John’s models depending on where one feels most comfortable working with (Ellis, Kenworthy and Gates, 156). Gibbs Model for reflection As a simple and easily attainable method, Gibbs model uses term description rather than a return to a previous experience (Davies, Bullman and Finlay, 84). In psychology and teaching, reflection facilitates as purposeful change and competencies such as psychological-mindedness and self-regulation (Clutterback and Lane, 2004, 196). Usually this process involves a mentor, teacher or supervisor working with a student at different stage while allowing for individuality. Although less specific than re-evaluating an experience; Gibbs in his cycle or reflection makes the action planning a more overt component of reflection (Davies, Bullman and Finlay, 84). Gibbs provides that in one’s own practice, an essential aspect of working as an autonomous practitioner involves a critical analysis of one’s role and responsibilities from a personal perspective (Gibbs, 1998,13). It is a process that requires others to become involved that encourages feedback and constructive comment to recognize your role and value in a health team (Humphris and Masterson, 2000, 77). John’s Model for reflection John’s model uses the concept of guided reflection to describe a structure supportive approach that helps the practitioner learn from their reflections and experiences (Quinn, 2000, 572). The approach involves the use of a model of structure reflection, one-on-one group supervision and the keeping of a reflective diary (Quinn, 572). The practice would aid the practitioner in learning from a reflection of their experiences. John’s model is more detailed as it provides a checklist of specific points necessary for reflection (Davies, Bullman and Finlay, 85). The only problem cited with John’s model if it imposes on a framework that is external to the practitioner leaving little scope for inclusion as cite by other theories. John’s model can be used in preparation and during clinical supervision consisting of 6 steps that is applicable t specific incidents rather than more generalized day to day issues facing the supervisee (Ellis, Kenworthy and Gates, 155). This model is highly attractive to those who prefer a structured approach but others may find this type more restricting (Ellis, Kenworthy and Gates, 156). Criticisms against the reflective process Reflection involves cognitive and emotional components that are expressed through analysis and to maximize the potential benefits of the clinical supervisor nurses have to learn to feel comfortable with this retrospective activity both during and in preparation for supervision sessions (Ellis, Kenworth and Gates, 157). This could be deemed time–consuming in an institution where time is often an important element in the delivery of care. A time for reflection can be done positively only when a situation or a need arises. This is probably why reflection method is considered a radical approach to nursing education and practice given the ample time training can afford (Slevin and Basford, 483). Yet reflection is valuable if done in partnership with someone else which led Davies et al to believe that the approach is quasi-therapeutic (Davies, Bullman and Finlay, 86). The principles have been transferred directly from client-centered psychotherapy and may trigger more powerful responses such as guilt and anxiety. Practitioners are therefore evaluated before they are given a chance to try this one out according to conservative studies. However with practice, it is assumed that a reflective process may not hold as much negative impact for the learned practitioner in an answer to the demands for a continuous review of a practice in a critical and analytical manner that support the reflective concept. The Value of Reflection for the Student Nurse As an essential component of scholarly practice, reflection, reflection is a method for generating a complementary alternative form of knowledge and theory (Humphris and Masterson, 2000:78).   Regardless of any negative criticism a reflective method may elicit from critics, I consider this to be a valuable tool. For the student, this is a process were one internally examines and explores an issue of concern triggered by an experience that clarifies the meaning of perspectives (Canham and Bennett, 2001, 185). The nursing practice has been surrounded by a world of silence and reflection is a way for nurses to reflect that is enhanced and introduced in the nursing curriculum (Guzzetta, 1998, 102). Often in the professional practice, nurses have encouraged silence among themselves in their health environment and setting while usually developing a shared professional voice with her team. Oftentimes, her relationship with the rest of the health team and other professionals faced difficult efforts because of the autonomy. The process of reflection allows one to air out her sentiments and ideas within her group or to a mentor or a supervisor during moments of reflection that could be produced as a shared voice for the team. Developing a habit of reflection is therefore a must for nursing education in order to uncover dimensions of experiences such as hidden and explicit meanings of behavior that can aid a student nurse in identifying her own perspective of the nursing practice that is highly useful in her entry to the profession (Guzzetta, 1998, 103). For a student in nursing, one must therefore develop a habit of reflection in order to uncover experiences and the meaning of behavior, values and thoughts that could readily prepare one for professional practice. It should be noted that the reflective process can helpfully aid in teamwork where one has the chance to relay sentiments after reflection of her past experience.Nursing education must therefore develop and evaluate innovative strategies to prepare nurses to meet the challenges of the rapidly changing health care system and for lifelong learning (Johns and Freshwater, 1998, 149). Reflection and reflective practice are currently receiving attention as a strategy yet little is known about the process of becoming a reflective thinker, how to teach skills needed for reflection, or the barriers and facilitators to becoming a reflective practitioner (Clutterback and Lane, 2004, 198). However a reflection process is worthy of study and practice that should initially be started and adapted as a core training for everyone wishing to professionally practice nursing as a positive way to analyze the development of reflective practice abilities. Bibliography Canham, Judith and Bennett, JoAnne, 2001, Mentoring in Community Nursing: Challenges and Opportunities, Blackwell, London, 2001. Clutterback, David and Lane,Gill, 2004, The Situational Mentor: An International Review of Competencies and Capabilities in Mentoring, GowerHouse, London. Davies, Celia, Bullman, Anne and Finlay, Linda, 2000, Changing Practice in Health and Social Care, Sage, London. Ellis, Roger, Kenworthy, Neil and Gates, Bob, 2003, Interpersonal Communication in Nursing: Theory and Practice, Elsevier Sciences, Orlando. Gibbs, Graham, 1998, Learning by Doing: A Guide to Teaching and Learning Methods, Oxford, London. Guzzetta, Cathie, 1998,Essential Readings in Holistic Nursing, Jones Bartlett, Maryland. Humphris, Debra and Masterson, Abigail Masterson, 2000, Developing New Clinical Roles: A Guide for Health Professionals, Elsevier, Florida. Johns, Christopher, 2002, Guided Reflection: Research in Practice, Blackwell Publishing, Perth. Johns, Christopher and Freshwater, Dawn, 1998, Transforming Nursing Through Reflective Practice. Blackwell, Perth. Quinn,   Ã‚  Francis M. 2000, The Principles and Practice of Nurse Education, 4rth ed., Nelson Thorne, London. Slevin, Oliver and Basford, Lynn, 2003, Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Caring Practice, Nelson Thomas, London. Taylor Beverly, 2000, Reflective Practice: A guide for Nurses and Midwives, Allen and Unwin, St. Leonard. Watkins, Dianne, Edwards, Judy and Gastrell,Pam, 2003, Community Health Nursing: Frameworks for Practice, Elsevier Sciences, Orlando.            

Standardized Testing in Saudi Arabia - 1435 Words

Integrity is a small word, but it has a big meaning. Integrity means that you are ready and able to do whatever is right regardless of the situation that you are facing (Utpalendu 3). It is a simple term which states that people should do and act according to their ethics and their minds, not to their sentiments. For example, if a situation arises that involves your family, or the one you love, you are able to face the situation with honesty and truth. This is the essence of integrity. Also, integrity is uniquely related to justice. If you have integrity, you are likely to also be equitable, which is an often missed characteristic in many people. Justice is absent in many places of the world. Unfortunately, there are only a few people who†¦show more content†¦Therefore, their creativity is minimized. For example, if a student who excels in engineering is placed in a hospital, he or she is not going to be successful because this is not his or her field. The same principle app lies when a student who is good in philosophy is required to take a math exam; he or she will not be able to validate the exam like the student who is good in math, and this is unfair. It is unfair to judge a student’s knowledge via one exam that doesn’t take more than three hours (Sharq 1). Time is also a problem on this test. Students are required to answer 150 questions in two hours and a half (Sharq 1). At this rate, it is nearly impossible to answer all the questions. Even students who are proficient in solving math problems have difficultly answering all of the questions. In fact, these questions were given to math teachers, and they could not answer them all. Therefore, how are students supposed to do the same? Some students who were more intelligent attempted to answer the questions as best they could so they could attend a university, but they failed. However, others answered the questions randomly, and in the end, they succeeded purely on luck. How could this be fair? Some people argue that this standardized test has brought equality to education. On the other hand, other people state that the test does not consider individual differences between people. Financial exploitation is another issue that people see in this test. Students are requiredShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Online Banking Vs Traditional Bank Essay930 Words   |  4 PagesStudy design: According to the above, the research is compared the use of online banking VS traditional bank, since many people in Saudi Arabia are not aware of the advantages of electronic banking, which it should not be as a problem in these days. The purpose of this study is to study and analysis the impediments of using online services which include: automated teller machine (ATM), internet banking, and tele-banking and then compare it with manual banking. 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Homelessness An Epidemic or Fault - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2897 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Homelessness Essay Did you like this example? Every city, in every state, in every country, in every continent has one thing in common: a large population of homeless people. The homeless are categorized into their own social group by most. Those more fortunate created this identity and do nothing to help them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Homelessness: An Epidemic or Fault" essay for you Create order Under the governments close supervision, this needs to stop happening. It is their responsibility to ensure that each United States citizen is able to practice the right to live in peace and feel as if they are secure while keeping their dignity. Scholars argue that the issue of homelessness has derived from a singular problem which most believe is impoverished beings unable to pay for necessities such as housing, food, childcare, health care, and education. Humanitarian help is not the emergency response that this issue needs. It is in my judgment, upon closer examination, that poverty may be one factor but there is a combination of many issues that contribute into the part of homelessness all under the control of the government and leaders of the United States. To begin, one key reason as to why homelessness has spiraled down the dark path its in right now is due to the violation of human rights. National and local laws have wrongfully criminalized homeless people categorizing them as lawbreakers rather than protecting their rights. Many laws that are created purposefully leave homeless people invisible, kicking them out of the streets, and out of their makeshift shelters giving them this unrealistic label. Some laws even keep people from sleeping or camping out on any public or private property while others ban citizens from feeding the homeless. One is penalized for trying to help someone have a slightly better night than they are normally used to. Everyone has a right to housing, somewhere to feel safe and feel secure. It is in the government’s interest and focus that this is followed through on. Seven ideal principles have been beneficial for the right to housing. They include security of tenure, availability of services/materials/facilities/infrastructure, affordability, habitability/decent and safe home, accessibility, location, and cultural adequacy (NESRI). These seven principles should be taken into account to when trying to build or find an ideal home for the less fortunate. There are several documents in which the right to housing is protected in, acting for different races and genders as well. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the American Declaration on Rights and Duties of Man (NESRI). Each of these documents has voiced a common message: The right to housing is imperative in order for the United States to live up to its prideful equality. In order for each man to be equal, a roof to be under should be a priority. But thats not the case when there are hundreds of thousands of people living on the streets without a place to call home. When there are multiple documents protecting the rights of an epidemic countrywide, then the outcome should be significantly less than it currently is. Theres just not enough housing, or enough shelter to keep the homeless off the streets. Theres a been a vicious cycle that the homeless experience: setting up tents, then law enforcers finding them and kicking them out. As a result, some land in jail for fines they cant pay, and others travel to the next location until the next police find them once again (Lee). An idea for lowering the costs of affordable houses was brought up and was even considered by cities, states, and the federal government. But it was quickly shown to fail because of the Low Income Housing Tax Credits that developers compete for. Because of this competition, there aren’t enough credits to build affordable housing for all the people who need it (Semuels). Every idea which is proposed is either disregarded or incapable of working. The leaders should put down a firm hand. If the competition is what is stopping the construction of affordable homes than those competitors should be penalized instead of being allowed to compete. Discrimination, social exclusion, and criminalizing are all forms of human rights violations as well. The discrimination of homelessness is in terms of access to housing and land. Homeless people are denied opportunities to live in promising locations. Instead, they are told to live in remote, isolated and poorly serviced areas where there are no jobs opportunities. Many businesses have filed complaints when they see homeless people situated near their locations. They claim that they draw their customers away. Instead of ignoring their complaints, officers act upon it and move the homeless away. The sane and realistic option would be to help them and find a safer and more practical place to spend the night. It would make both parties happy. But the solution, as it mostly is, is the homeless suffering while the complainers are sitting pretty. In addition, the United States has a corrupt economy and welfare system that plays a big role in homelessness. The economy was purposefully constructed to create poverty as well as inequality. In fact, out of every twenty dollars of new wealth created, nineteen of those dollars goes to the top one percent. The top one percent has more wealth than the bottom ninety percent (Fleisher). If the new wealth was evenly distributed then the rates of homelessness would go down significantly. This is where the United States’ corrupt welfare comes into place. If more money was put aside to help homelessness, the problem may slowly abolish. The United States is by far the richest country in the world who is home to, â€Å"262 billionaires, ten times that of its nearest competitor, and an astounding 3.8 million of its households hold assets valued in the millions† (Fleisher). But it cant be said that the government is doing all it can to end homelessness. While still $25 trillion dollars in debt, â€Å"Our state and federal governments spend upwards of three trillion dollars a year. Yet at the same time, the United States experiences, by the best estimates, 3.5 million incidences of homelessness a year† (Fleisher). The distinct division in society is abundantly clear when looking at the homeless in the context of equality and economics. The rich continue to get richer and the poor stay poor. With so many unsure where their home will be tonight, it is impalpable to witness the amount of money that all of the upper-class have. But those upper-class citizens believe that wealth is just the logical outcome of a free market system. Most privileged associate the homeless as incapable humans who are jobless. This stereotype is in fact, one of the worst. Many families that do live in poverty have at least one working member (Fleisher). And most of these jobs are full-time jobs as well. These families aren’t to be considered lazy. But bills such as auto repair and medical do pile up. The savings that most families keep tucked away are spent trying to pay these bills. These poor economic factors disable the homeless’ ability to advance from their situations. And while working these people are most likely receiving a minimum wage which would not be sufficient enough to support themselves and their families. It is to be believed that due to the financial crisis of 2008 the number of homeless has significantly increased. It was said to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression and had affected many. The crisis was due to the collapse of Lehman Brothers bank which was active worldwide. It had affected the overall economy through banks, and federal, state and local government budgets. Unemployment rates increased while mortgage payments also increased past the amount that could be borrowed. That issue could not have been blamed on anyone. But because of it, less and less paid attention to homeless until the crisis was averted. Equal attention should have been given. Especially if the crisis of 2008 brought people into the category of homeless. The United States is considered to have one of the weakest welfare systems in regards to homelessness compared to other countries. The United States has adopted a liberal like welfare system (Kahachi). The government sees the welfare system as housing provision and homelessness treatments from a narrow economic perspective. This means that they will most likely work on the homelessness treatment when it is beneficial and saves money. The programs also promoted to all Americans but those who can benefit and are paid are those with low income. Other Democratic liberal countries consider housing for the homeless as a human right while conservative countries view housing and proper homelessness treatment necessary, especially to achieve social justice (Kahachi). While the leaders of the United States continue to only think about their own benefits the rest of the country is suffering. Their intent may be vital in their eyes but in others, it isn’t. The governments job is to provid e and protect its people while maintaining to protect the citizens’ rights. In 1996 the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, PRWORA, was passed. It was voted to block grant welfare to the states (Fleisher). Some may say this is extremely beneficial and flexible, allowing each state to design its own welfare regime. But others do not believe the adaptable strategy will be successful. Doug OBrien, vice president of public policy and research at Americas Second Harvest, believed that PRWORA was an â€Å"unjust ‘transference of responsibility’. He believes that it is the responsibility of the government, as noted in the preamble to the Constitution, to provide for the general welfare of the people, and thus the government should ensure some minimum standard of living† (Fleisher). Others believe that this reform didn’t go far enough. Mike Tanner, director at Cato University believes that the government is just rewarding irresponsibility. Private charities, in his opinion, should offer short-term assistance in place of government handouts (Fleisher). But one must consider what the goals of PRWORA actually were. If it was to reduce welfare rolls, then the reform was successful, but if the objective was to reduce an issue other than that, the reform has failed. The Welfare Reform of 1996 expected to diminish the problem but for a while now, it can be seen that it has been very ineffective. The programs that welfare include are said to provide a safety net to families and individuals to keep them from going into poverty. But the safety net that is provided has been proved ineffective due to corruption because those who are eligible for beneficial programs are not receiving them despite federal law. Statistically speaking, â€Å"over 40 percent of homeless persons are eligible for disability benefits, but only 11 percent actually receive them. Most are eligible for food stamps, but only 37 percent receive themResidency requirements, inability to obtain school records and lack of transportation are primary barriers to public education for more than 750,000 homeless children annually† (F leisher). Those that are eligible for the programs don’t get them, then what’s even the point of them? The funding that does go in is a waste for those that are scammed. Another reason as to why homelessness has gotten out of control is because of the unequal attention that is given by leaders of the United States. After the Hepatitis outbreak was in full swirl, San Diegos leaders thought that it was the time to act upon the homelessness crisis due to those on the streets with Hepatitis. The idea of bridge shelters, the first step to permanent housing, had been circling around on discussion tables but had only been reinforced when the Hepatitis crisis emerged (Lee). Starting up tents and shelters seem like the easy way out that the city leaders are taking to temporarily try to contain the homeless situation. While these solutions will not solve the issue, it is better than people sleeping on the streets. The Hepatitis A epidemic emerged in San Diego forcing the government to take control over the homelessness problem. But is this what it took to get everyones attention? In the governments mind, it seems as if they are all thinking â€Å"its time to fix this issue so the rest of the community doesn’t suffer†. But the outbreak of Hepatitis A shouldn’t have been the awakening call. More should have been done and the outbreak shouldn’t have been the catalyst. The mayor of San Diego couldn’t even fulfill his promise. He had said that he would reduce homelessness and it would be his, â€Å"No. 1 social service priority†. But the time never came. The plan never went through and was left on the drawing boards (Lee). Consistency is vital when trying to overcome any problem. Divided attention can leave so many quality filled ideas untouched. In general, if more reserved attention was given minor instances of homelessness can be solved eventually leading to the entire problem itself being solved. For example, starting with San Diego and then moving on to a bigger pool. As mentioned before, the right to housing is protected in many nationally published documents. While these documents specifically cater to children, men, women, and different races, the government fails to recognize the other forms of homelessness. For example, chronically ill and veterans are their top priority. Data shows that the homelessness system prioritizes certain types of homelessness over others. Their focus is on the chronically homeless especially those who have a good employment record. Because of this the other majority of homeless are unable to access and benefit from the full welfare system which is provided (Kahachi). A chronically homeless person is an unaccompanied person with a disabling condition who has been homeless for a year or an unaccompanied person with a disabling condition who has had four or more occurrences of homelessness in three years (Kahachi). The government has set benchmarks throughout the years, each one hoping to end a sector of homelessness. They are ending homelessness for veterans by 2015, chronic homelessness by 2017, and homelessness for families with children and youth by 2020. While it is biased to prefer one type of homelessness to end sooner over another, what they had hoped for did not succeed. On the other hand, its not as if the government hasn’t done anything to try and fix this issue. After the crisis of 2008, they realized more steps need to be taken in order to minimize it. If they didn’t step in the wealth system may have collapsed sending homelessness to a whole different level. Policies and strategies were taken into account to stop the pending issue (Kahachi). The steps that were promised that were being taken is the first indicator that the government was trying to help in 2010. Their strategy is called â€Å"Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness†. Their four prioritized goals were to prevent and end chronic homelessness, homelessness among veterans, homelessness for families, youth, and children in ten years; and set a path to ending all types of homelessness (Kahachi). But what is the actual value of these steps? On the long term, the goals that the government has will probably make a difference. But on a sho rt term, the issue is still at hand. Having this vision that will hopefully be realistic in 10 years is very unrealistic to imagine in the present. Some also believe that housing is the solution to homelessness. To this idea, many proposed building more shelters. The McKinney Act of 1987 is a federal law that provides federal money for homeless shelter programs. Tipper Gore, the wife of the former vice president and advocacy for the homeless, believes that there are solutions to everything and the issue of homelessness is not an intricate problem. All that needs to be done is to allow for more funding (Fleisher). The funding that is given is very low and the time that most residents spent there is not ideal. In fact, many homeless people would say they would prefer staying on the streets than in a shelter. Residents at shelters experience violence, theft, and other forms of abuse. An astounding 826 cases were reported (Semuels). Monthly operating expenses are high and are inconvenient in the eyes of some as well. Many shelters also don’t allow the homeless to bring their own belongings when they check in. This forces residents to leave behind valued items and items of necessity (Semuels). What the homeless need is a stable home-like en vironment where they feel safe. Not somewhere that can be potentially dangerous and unwelcoming. To conclude, the numbers of homelessness are constantly growing and the government hasn’t done enough to stop them. They violate human rights, allow for a corrupt welfare and economic system, and don’t maintain a sustained focus when given a problem of homelessness to deal with. While small things like buying someone a meal can make someones night a life a lot more enjoyable, it will not end the problem of homelessness in the long run. If the government does more for the cause and realizes their mistakes, this ongoing issue will not be an issue anymore. The streets would be happier as would the rest of the citizens affecting the overall moral of the country. If the government truly has interest upon the well being of their citizens, they should be doing more and changing their many mistakes to try and end homelessness.

Characteristics of a Totalitarian Government Portrayed in...

Citizen Kane, released in 1941, is one of America’s greatest films. The film is widely considered a cautionary tale for the late 1930’s and the early 1940’s. The main character, Charles Foster Kane is portrayed as a character that is similar to the totalitarian dictators that came about during this time period, such as Adolf Hitler. Totalitarian dictatorships have the goals of creating unity among the masses and obtaining control over individuals and society. There are three key characteristics of totalitarian governments that are portrayed in the film Citizen Kane. This form of government uses propaganda to sway the opinion of the mass population, they gain power with the unity, support, and trust of the masses, and they try to†¦show more content†¦It shows that propaganda can be a successful tool in getting the people to think what the publisher wants them to think. Adolf Hitler used propaganda as a tool to unite the people under his rule and to s way the political beliefs of the masses in his favor. As Adolf Hitler began to gain power in Germany, propaganda was a key component of his political plan. Hitler believed that propaganda was the best way to unite the masses. He used propaganda in a different manner than Charles Foster Kane did in the film, but it had the same goal; to formulate the opinions of the people of Germany in his favor. Hitler believed that the best use of propaganda was through simple slogans that specifically targeted the emotions of the middle and lower classes. The main emotion that was targeted by Hitler and the Nazi party was terror. â€Å"Many Germans, seduced by Nazi propaganda, accepted terror as a legitimate weapon against subversives and racial defilers who threatened the new Germany† (Perry 445). As seen with the people of Germany during the 1930’s and 1940’s, propaganda can easily sway the beliefs of the people. While Hitler believed that propaganda was the key to uniting the masses, it was not through written sources that he believed the key lied to reach unity, it was through speeches. This is also seen in Citizen Kane. The character of Charles Foster Kane is portrayed as being an advocate for the people of lower

The Enlightenment Free Essays

The Enlightenment BY unet193 World Literature The Enlightenment’s Impact on the Modern World The Enlightenment, Age of Reason, began in the late 17th and 18th century. This was a period in Europe and America when mankind was emerging from centuries of ignorance into a new age enlightened by reason, science, and respect for humanity. This period promoted scientific thought, skeptics, and intellectual interchange: dismissing superstition, intolerance, and for some, religion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Enlightenment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Western Europe, Germany, France, and Great Britain, and the American Colonies generally influenced the age of reason. Following the Renaissance, science and rationality was the forefront of this age. The enlightenment came as a wave throughout Europe, drastically changing the culture. The literature of time reflected this idea. Authors such as Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were torchbearers of this time, writing Enlightenment literature and philosophy. The Enlightenment was the forefront for modern literature and changed the way people viewed and interacted with the world, without it society today would not be the same. The ideas of the Enlightenment have had a long-term major impact on the culture, politics, and governments of the Western worlds. English philosopher John Locke’s principles of religious tolerance, the separation of church and state, and the social contract, for instance, greatly influenced the Founding Fathers of the United States as they planned their new country. Locke’s idea of a social contract, which Rousseau in particular developed, was also of great importance in France both before and after the French Revolution. Democratic institutions were in existence to some degree in England, Switzerland, and the United Province of the Netherlands when Rousseau elaborated his social contract. Many of the ideas that the philosophers developed are intrinsic to modern democratic society, and they were often developed with the intent of creating such a society. It is important to note that Enlightenment thinkers were not the only source of such ideas. These are only two of many examples of how these ideas influenced later events. In fact, these three countries were important centers for printing and discussion, even though much of the discussion was about how to change the repressive society in France; French exiles, including both Rousseau and Voltaire, took efuge in these countries when the French state sought to silence them. The 18th century was a time, which saw a significant expansion of knowledge in the realm of the natural world. In conjunction with the emerging philosophical enquiry of the Enlightenment, men of science began to investigate widespread beliefs about the structure of the universe, and even the type of knowledge that was possible for the human mind to understand. A great many of the Enlightenment writers possessed a background in the sciences, or a willingness to conduct scientific experiments. Adam Smith, US representative and philosopher states, Science is the great antidote to the poison of enthusiasm and superstition. (Smith) Like many he believed that in order to clear the mind ot talse superstition and tocus on the true nature of a human science was necessary. A notable opponent was Rousseau, he believed that science led to the distancing of mankind from nature and often worked against the improvement and development of individuals. The spread of science in the 18th century was en hanced by the numbers of scientific societies and academies which had started to emerge in the previous century and which, in eneral, accepted â€Å"Newtonianism† over the Cartesian system. It should be noted, however, that science was not a term often used by Enlightenment thinkers; the use of natural philosophy illustrates that it was originally conceived of as a line of enquiry that shared contact points with moral philosophy and epistemology. The philosophers generally favored reducing government control over the market, which we call â€Å"laissez-faire† economics. The most prominent school of laissez-faire thinkers in France were the physiocrats, who believed that the only real ource of national wealth was agriculture. An unobstructed supply of grain in France would be a means of increasing total output. In 1776 Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations, which forwards similar ideas. Smith was somewhat different from the physiocrats, though, because he believed that labor and the market were the prime creators of wealth. Smith argues â€Å"The greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour, and the greater part of the skill, dexterity, and Judgment with which it is anywhere directed, or applied, seem to have been the effects of the division of abour. (Smith) He believes labor for one owns success is the best way to work, not wealth based on social standings. In making these arguments, both the physiocrats and Adam Smith struck at the hold that the aristocracy was trying to maintain on the economy. Locke agrees, â€Å"All wealth is the product of labor† The laissez-faire economists believed that wealth should not be confined to one class. As articulated in France, therefore, the ar gument for laissez-faire economics was an argument that the ancient regime should be abolished and replaced with a more equal basis for ociety. Most literature was nonfiction, which means it was based on fact rather than being made up by the author’s imagination. Its aims were to instruct, to enlighten, and to make people think. Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, states â€Å"Two things inspire me to awe: the starry heavens above and the moral universe within. â€Å"(Kant) He explains the sort of wonder and inspiration found in the literature of the Enlightenment age Two of the primary targets of critical examination during the Enlightenment were governments and religious authorities. These calls for reform ere raised by some of the most eloquent writers in history, such that the Enlightenment is also known as the golden age of satire. The two leading figures of Enlightenment satire are Voltaire (in French) and Swift (in English). Voltaire battled many forms of injustice, including religious and political discrimination, arbitrary imprisonment, and torture. He is known primarily for his many philosophical and satirical works, including novels, short stories, and essays. His masterpiece is the novel Gulliver’s Travels, a broad examination of ethics, politics, and society framed in series of fantastic adventures. During the late seventeenth century, France waxed as the supreme political and cultural power of Europe. Classical French literature flourished especially in the form of drama. French tragedy peaked in the works of Jean Racine, while Moliere, otten considered the greatest ot all French dramatists, attained the pinnacle of French comedy. While ancient and medieval writers produced novels, the form received unprecedented attention in modern times. Formative age novel writing flourished primarily in Spanish, French, English, and German. As the novel did not achieve its supreme position until the nineteenth century, novelists of the formative age are generally less prominent than other literary fgures, namely poets and dramatists. Nonetheless, a list of the foremost novelists of the formative age will be attempted here: in Spanish, Cervantes; Defoe’s foremost work, Robinson Crusoe, is likely the most widely familiar novel of the entire formative age. These ideas, works, and principles of the Enlightenment would continue to affect Europe and the rest of the Western world for decades and even centuries to come. Nearly every theory or fact that is held in modern science has a foundation in the Enlightenment; Yet it is not simply the knowledge attained during the Enlightenment that makes the era so pivotal†it’s also the era’s groundbreaking and tenacious new approaches to investigation, reasoning, and problem solving that make it so important. although some may have been persecuted for their new ideas, it nevertheless became indisputable that thought had the power to incite real change. Just like calculus or free trade, the very concept of freedom of expression had to come from somewhere, and it too had firm roots in the Enlightenment. How to cite The Enlightenment, Papers

Charlie Has A Good Case Against Enviropro â€Myasignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss Whether Charlie Has A Good Case Against Enviropro Pty? Answer: Introducation In this question, the issue is if Charlie has a claim against EnviroPro Pty Ltd. in view of the general rules of contract law, including the Sale of Goods Act (Vic). This issue arises due to the fact that a large sign was present at the gate of the company according to which the liability of EnviroPro Pty Ltd. has been excluded regarding any damages suffered by the consumers apart from the replacement of the goods if it has been proved that the goods were faulty when they were sold. Rule: It needs to be noted that the Sale of Goods Act (Vic), applies only in cases of sale of goods. Moreover, a distinction is made by this legislation regarding the consumer and non-consumer contracts. Therefore, when a consumer contract is involved, accounting to this legislation the terms similar to the terms that can be implied under the Trade Practices Act are also applicable to such contracts (Trade Practices Commission v Radio World Pty Ltd., 1989). The provisions of this legislation apply only to the contracts that are found in Victoria. However, other states also have similar legislation applying research contracts. The Sale of Goods Act defines a consumer contract. According to this provision, any contract for sale of goods worth less than $20,000 or when the contract deals with the goods that are generally sold for personal, domestic or household purposes. On the other hand, when the goods were not sold for being resold or used as input in the process of manufacture, it i s also a consumer contract. In this way, certain terms can be implied under the Sale of Goods Act regarding the consumer contracts. Among these terms, there is a term according to which the goods sold by the traders should match the description, particularly when the sale is by description. These implied terms are present in the contract for sale of goods. In cases where the consumer has expressly or impliedly told reseller, the purpose for purchasing the goods. In the same way, these terms can be implied when the circumstances are of the nature that the seller is aware of or should have been aware of the fact that the consumer depends on the skill or judgment of the trader. It has been mentioned in section 20 of this legislation that an implied condition is applicable according to which the goods sold should be fit for purpose in such a case. It is worth mentioning that the requirement of the goods being fit for purpose overlaps with another implied condition according to which the goods should be of merchantable quality. In Griffiths v Peter Conway , the court has expressed the opinion that the buyer needs to tell the particular purpose for purchasing the goods. Application: Enviro Pty Ltd. had placed a large sign at the gate. It has been mentioned in this note is that the company cannot be held liable for any damages apart from replacing the goods, that too, in cases where the goods were quality at the time of sale. On the other hand, Charlie had informed the salesperson that he was looking for a good source of drinking water and asked if Clean Aqua was a good product for this purpose. The salesman gave an assurance to Charlie that Clean Aqua was a good product for this purpose. On the other hand, in reality, the water produced by this device was not fit for drinking. After consuming the water for some time, Charlie falls sick. As a result of these illness, he is forced to quit work for five weeks. He also develops irritable bowels syndrome, which will have any effect on his quality of life for long-term. Consequently, it can be said in this case that a breach of contract has taken place. in view of the above-mentioned reasons, it is clear that Charlie can sue Enviro Pty Ltd in the waters with the general rules of contract law and the provisions of Sale of Goods Act (Vic) The question that needs to be decided here is to see if a claim can be initiated by Charlie against Clean Aqua Pty Ltd. Charlie had to suffer injuries and it has to be seen if the company can be held liable under the strict laibility that has been imposed on manufacturers by the Australian Consumer Law. Rule: The Australian Consumer Law is a part of competition and consumer Act, 2010. According to this legislation, it is the responsibility of the manufacturers to treat the consumers fairly. On the other hand, if it is found that a particular management or supplier has breached a statutory guarantee provided to the consumers by the ACL, such manufacturer is liable for a strict liability offense. In view of the strict liability of the manufacturers, a breach is possible even in the absence of any negligence by the manufacturers. The consumer guarantees are a part of strict liability offense, which have been introduced for the purpose of making sure that the manufacturers always considered the expectations of the consumers also. In this regard, usually the strict liability provisions of ACL are applicable for manufacturers who have supplied goods in trade or commerce (Haros v Linfox Australia Pty Ltd., 2012). The ACL provides that in such cases, the manufacturer can be described as the company importing the goods, assembling the goods or the company that has used its brand name of the company that was promoted as the manufacturer (Keays v J P Morgan Administrative Services Australia Ltd., 2011). It can be considered that a safety defect is present in case of particular goods if the safety level marketing goods is not up to the mark that can be generally expected. Although the level of safety that is expected from particular goods can vary in different cases, ultimately, the court as the responsibility of deciding if a safety defect was present in the goods or not. Application: As a result of the legal rules mentioned above, the strict liability provisions of ACL required that there can be a breach of these provisions even in cases where the manufacturer was not negligent at all. Due to this reason, in the present case, also Clean Aqua Pty Ltd can be held liable for breaching the statutory guarantees mentioned in the ACL. Are these grounds, Charlie can bring a claim against the company regarding the damages that were suffered by him due to this breach. The statutory guarantees of ACL also include the guarantee according to which the goods should be fit for purpose. Similarly the goods should also comply with description. For example, in this case, Charlie wanted a product produced drinking water from waste water. On the other hand, the water of Clean Aqua was not fit to be used for drinking. Guess what could only be used for gardening, swimming pools etc. Therefore, it is clear that this territory guarantee has been breached in this case. Consequently, a claim can be initiated by Charlie against Clean Aqua Pty Ltd. References Griffiths v Peter Conway Ltd [1939] 1 All ER 685 Haros v Linfox Australia Pty Ltd (2012) 287 ALR 507 Keays v J P Morgan Administrative Services Australia Limited [2011] FCA 358 Trade Practices Commission v Radio World Pty Ltd (1989) 16 IPR 407 management. Australian Consumer Law Schedule 2 Australian Competition and Consumer Act 2010 Sale of Goods Act (Victoria) 1958